a. What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
b. Is there a simple test to diagnose ADHD?
c. I'm an adult; doesn't AD/HD only affect children?
d. The school says my child has AD/HD; now what do I do?
e. If my child has an IEP or gets special education, does she have to be in a different classroom?
f. What is LRE?
g. My child started taking medication and has developed tics. What do I do?
h. ADD, AD/HD, hyperkinesis? It gets confusing, doesn't it?
i. Why the change?
If my child has an IEP or gets special education, does she have to be in a different classroom?

No. If your child has an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or is receiving special education services, it does NOT automatically mean she will be placed in a special education classroom. IDEA has a Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) clause, which states that children should be educated in the least restrictive environment that is still sufficient to meet their academic needs. Therefore if your child can learn in a regular education classroom then that is where the law says she should be placed.
What is LRE?

LRE, or Least Restrictive Environment, is a term used to mandate that students with disabilities are placed in special classes, separate schools or positions other than regular education classrooms only when the nature or severity of the disability is such that even with aids and services education can not be achieved. The placement must also allow the disabled student to be with non-disabled peers to the greatest extent possible.

My child started taking medication and has developed tics. What do I do?

A relatively uncommon side effect of psychostimulant medications is the unmasking of latent tics -- the medical term for involuntary motor movements, such as eye blinking, shrugging and clearing of the throat. Psychostimulant medications can facilitate the emergence of a tic disorder in susceptible individuals. Often, but not always, the tic will disappear when the medication is stopped.

For many youth with AD/HD, vocal tics (throat clearing, sniffing, or coughing beyond what is normal) or motor tics (blinking, facial grimacing, shrugging, or head-turning) will occur as a time-limited phenomenon. The medications may bring them to notice earlier, or make them more prominent than they would be without medication, but they often eventually go away, even while the individual is still on medication.

Tourette's syndrome is a chronic tic disorder that involves vocal and motor tics. Experts estimate that 7 percent of children with AD/HD have tics or Tourette's syndrome that is often mild but can have social impact in the severe but rare form, while 60 percent of children with Tourette's have AD/HD. Recent research suggests that the development of Tourette's syndrome in children with AD/HD is not related to psychostimulant medication. However, a cautious approach to treatment is recommended when there is a family history of tics or Tourette's syndrome, as certain patients will experience worsening of their tics with stimulant treatment.

ADD, AD/HD, hyperkinesis? It gets confusing, doesn't it?

AD/HD is a medical condition and the educational staff of a school are not qualified to diagnose AD/HD. If you or other adults in your child's life (e.g. teachers, grandparents, other caregivers) believe your child may have symptoms of AD/HD, then you should consult with your family doctor, your child's pediatrician, or other licensed medical/mental health professional who is trained in the diagnosis and treatment of AD/HD (for more detailed information on how a diagnosis is made, see the section on Diagnosis & Treatment).

Teachers and other school personnel can play an important role by evaluating your child's learning ability and determine educational deficits. This information should be part of the comprehensive evaluation done by the medical/mental health professional.

Why the change?

The American Psychiatric Association publishes the official guidelines for naming and diagnosing mental disorders. This book (called the DSM, or "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders") is regularly updated as scientists learn more and more. Research in the 1970s and 1980s began to show there are different types of attention deficit. Although they have major differences, the types are more alike than different. Doctors began to see that the different types are all part of the same major condition. In 1994, the DSM changed the name from ADD (attention deficit disorder) to AD/HD because of the advances in research. There are three types of this one condition called AD/HD. They are: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined.

Some doctors and mental health professionals still use the term ADD. If this is your or your child's diagnosis, it most likely means you or your child have the inattentive type of AD/HD. This is not the child who is "bouncing off the walls" or "simply can't sit still." Rather, it's the individual who seems to be always daydreaming, is forgetful, is easily distracted, is disorganized, and just can't seem to pay attention.

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Source: CHADD
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